139 images
sort
Antiquity-Byzantium
Anatolian Languages (toponyms)
Armenia in the 6th Century
Asia Minor Around the Year Zero
Greeks in Anatolia "ad 0-2000"
Turkey: Roman Provinces in the 6th Century
Balkans
Albanians in the 21st century
At the end of the 19th century, Crimea and Caucasus immigrants in Bulgaria
Ethnic Structure in Bulgaria
Ethnic/Religious Structure of Salonica Province - 1900
From 1912 to 1927, Thrace "Muslims and Christians"
Greek exchange from Turkey to Greece 1923-28
Islam in Bulgaria - 2021
Islamization of Eastern Thrace "1877-1927"
Macedonians "1900-2000"
Muslims in Northern Macedonia (1881-1893)
Nationality Map of the Vilayets of Kosovo, Salonica, Janina, and Manastir
Ottoman Non-Muslims - 1900
Ottoman Province of Thessalonica - 1900
Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey - 1923/27
Religion & Political Choise in Albania
Religious Structure in the Ottoman Empire in the Mid -19th Century - 1850
Turkish Population Change in Northern Macedonia (1877-2024)
Turkish-language toponyms in Bulgaria in the early 20th century
Turks in Macedonia - 1900
Western Rumeli (Balkans) Muslims - 1900
Ethnic/Religious Affiliation and Political Preference
Iran 2024 Presidential Election and Ethnic Structure
Religion & Political Choise in Albania
The political choice of Rumeli refugees
Language Families
Iranian Languages
Slavic Languages
Turkic Languages
Middle East and Caucasus
"Turks and Kurds" in Kars Oblast - 1886
Chrisianity in Lebanon - 2024
Crimean Tatars
Ethnic Structure in Cyprus "Before 1974 and Today"
Genetic Eastern Eurasian Heritage in Western Turks
Iran 2024 Presidential Election and Ethnic Structure
Iran Linguistic Map
Iran's Turkish population
North Caucasians in the 21st century
Ottoman Non-Muslims - 1900
Palestine, Israel and Lebanon "Ethno-Religious Structure"
Religious Structure in the Ottoman Empire in the Mid -19th Century - 1850
Syria's Ethno -Dini Structure - 1935
The past/present of the ethnic structure in Armenia "1886-2024"
Turkish place names in Armenia - 1900
Turks & Armenians - 1886
Turks, Kurds and Circassians in Syria - 2024
Turks, Kurds and current political situation in Syria-Iraq
Turkey - Provinces
Adıyaman's past/present 1893-2024
Cultural Structure & Sub -Identity in Balıkesir
Cultural Structure & Sub -Identity in Bilecik
Cultural Structure & Sub -Identity in Eskişehir
Cultural Structure & Sub-Identity in Afyon
Düzce's immigrants
Elazığ's past/present 1893-2024
Erzurum Kurds and Dem Party
Ethnic Structure and 2024 Elections in Kayseri
Ethnic structure and political choice in Iğdır
Ethnic Structure and Political Preference in Artvin
Ethnic Structure of Kars - 1897
Ethnic structure of Trabzon and old place names
Ethnic-Genetic Structure of Ardahan
Ethno-Religious Structure of Edirne - 2024
Ethno-Religious Structure of Erzincan - 2025
Ethno-Religious Structure of Erzurum - 2025
Ethno-Religious Structure of Tokat - 2025
Ethno-Religious Structure of Trabzon Province - 1914
Etno-Dini structure of Hatay at the beginning of the 20th century
Etno-Religious Structure of Tekirdağ - 2024
Kars - History of the Religious Structure "1876-1897-1927"
Kurdish tribes of Kahramanmaras
Kurdish tribes of Malatya
Kurdish tribes of Sivas
Number of Churches in the Provinces of Türkiye
Past/present of Mardin 1893-2025
Political Preferences of Hatay Arabs
Religious Structure and 2023 Elections in Malatya
Rize's ethnic structure and old place names
Sivas 2023 Elections and Alevis
The past/present of the ethnic structure in Diyarbakır "1915 - 2025"
Tunceli's past/present 1893-2025
Turkish place names before the Republic in Trabzon and Eastern Eurasia Genetic Heritage
Turkey-ethnic
"Turks and Kurds" in Kars Oblast - 1886
1000 years of Anatolia "non -Sunnis"
Alevis of Turkey (c. 2024)
Alevism in Turkey 1500/2000
Armenian geography of Turkey
Armenian Place Names - 1950
Armenian place names - on the basis of districts
Armenians in history.jpeg
Armenians of Turkey (1914)
Azerbaijanis in Turkey
Christians in Eastern Thrace - 1912
Dersim - North and South
Distribution of Turkish Location Names - In the early 20th century
Ethnic Structure in the East and Southeast - 2025
Ethno-Religious Structure of Trabzon Province - 1914
Genetic East Eurasia Heritage in Turkey
Greeks in Anatolia "ad 0-2000"
Islam in Turkey - AD 1000/1500
Kurdish/Zaza population density on the basis of districts in Türkiye - 2025
Kurds in History
Kurds in Turkey "1915-2024"
Manavs
Native Languages of Turkey - 1927
Native Languages of Turkey - 2024
Natives and immigrants - Marmara Region
Non -Muslims in Turkey - 1900
Ottoman Non-Muslims - 1900
Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey - 1923/27
Religion and Sects in Turkey - 1900
Religion and Sects in Turkey - 2025
Turkey's Balkan immigrants
Turkey's immigrants - 1856-1924
Turkey's Zazas
Turkish place names in the Eastern Black Sea
Türkiye Alevis - provinces and districts on the basis
Turkmen Alevis in Anatolia in the mid -15th century
Turkey-political
1908 Parliamentary Elections - Ottoman
2017 referendum / 2023 Presidential election
2023 Election Results in Alevi Kurdish/Zaza settlements
2023 Election Results in Zaza Settlements
2023 Elections on the Basis of the Re-Welfare and Victory Party
2023 General Elections on Minor Parties
2023 Presidential Election Results
2023 Türkiye Presidential election II. Type
3 News Channel in Google Web Searches
AK Party vs CHP + IYI Party - 2023
Before 1980, 5 "1961-77" and 5 "1983-99" 1983-99 "General Election of the Central Left
Before and after the 80 coup, the center left
Confrontation of the center right
Extreme right against the center right
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu in the east and southeast - 2023
Left "1977-2023" in Turkey
Liberalism in Turkey "New democracy and liberal democrat"
Mardin Arabs and Erdogan
Minor Parties 2023: Hometown Party
Minor Parties 2023: Re -Welfare Party
Minor Parties 2023: Türkiye Labor Party
Minor Parties 2023: Victory Party
Political Preferences of Hamshens - 2024 Provincial Assembly (Rize and Artvin Case)
Political Preferences of Hatay Arabs
Pomaks (Muslim Bulgarian) in the 2023 elections
Sivas 2023 Elections and Alevis
The first general elections after the 1980 coup of the Central Sol and the first general elections
The political history of the "erbakanism" ideology
The political history of the "idealism/national conservatism" ideology
Who won before the AK Party?
YSP/Dem Party in the East and Southeast - 2023
Armenia in the 6th Century
Categories:
Antiquity-Byzantium
created: October 8, 2024
updated: April 14, 2025
SOURCES
Our
map
was
compiled
from
two
written
sources.
1)
Novella
No.
31
of
Justinian
(“new
code
of
law”).
With
this
law
dated
536,
the
Byzantine
State
established
two
new
provinces
in
the
Armenian
territories
it
seized
in
the
Iranian
war,
which
ended
in
531
with
the
“Eternal
Peace”
treaty:
Upper
Armenia
(center
Erzincan)
and
Fourth
Armenia
(civil
administrative
center
Martyropolis
=
Silvan,
military
center
Kitharizon
=
Bingöl
Haraba).
The
First
and
Second
Armenia
provinces,
which
had
long
belonged
to
Byzantium,
were
renumbered
as
Second
Armenia
(Sivas)
and
Third
Armenia
(Malatya).
The
cities
included
in
each
province
have
been
noted.
2)
Anonymous
Armenian
Geography
Treatise
(Աշխարհացոյց),
estimated
to
date
from
the
late
6th
century.
This
text,
which
has
numerous
early
manuscript
copies,
provides
the
administrative
division
of
the
Armenian
Kingdom,
which
had
long
disappeared
at
that
time,
and
the
organizational
scheme
of
the
local
Armenian
principalities,
which
were
still
extremely
vibrant.
It
does
not
mention
the
two
empires
that
shared
the
Armenian
country.
Interestingly,
while
it
lists
around
a
hundred
Armenian
principalities
in
the
area
that
was
part
of
the
old
kingdom,
it
does
not
mention
any
principality
names
in
the
Armenia
Minor
(Sivas
and
Malatya)
region,
which
is
outside
the
area
of
the
old
kingdom.
On
the
map,
we
have
shown
each
province
in
a
different
color.
The
lists
below
are
arranged
from
west
to
east
and
north
to
south.
The
thick
blue
line
indicates
the
Armenia
Minor
province,
which
was
dependent
on
the
Roman
Empire
in
the
1st
century
BC
to
the
3rd/4th
centuries
AD,
and
the
thick
red
line
indicates
the
independent
or
semi-independent
Armenian
Kingdom,
which
the
Romans
called
Armenia
Major.
The
black
line
is
the
border
of
Byzantine/Iranian
influence
as
of
the
531
Peace.
BYZANTINE
PROVINCES
1)
Second
Armenia:
Capital
Sebastopolis
(Sivas).
Komana
(center
Tokat),
separated
from
the
Pontus
Polemoniacus
province,
and
Zela
(Zile),
separated
from
the
Helenopontos
province,
were
added
to
the
old
First
Armenia
province.
2)
Third
Armenia.
Capital
Melitene
(Malatya).
It
is
the
old
Second
Armenia
province.
Kayseri
Pınarbaşı,
Adana
Feke,
Maraş
Göksun
and
Afşin-Elbistan
are
included.
3)
Fore
Armenia
or
Upper
Armenia:
Its
administrative
capital
is
Justinianopolis
(Erzincan-Üzümlü),
and
its
military
capital
is
Satala
(Kelkit
Sadak
village).
A
large
part
of
the
old
Pontus
Polemoniacus
province,
up
to
Trabzon
and
Giresun,
was
added
to
this
province.
The
Geography
Treatise
lists
the
following
districts
in
this
province.
Interestingly,
no
dynasty
name
is
mentioned
in
any
of
the
districts,
and
the
lords
of
these
districts
(if
any)
did
not
play
a
role
in
historical
events.
a)
Ağün
or
Arüdz:
İliç’s
Kuruçay
district
and
the
south
of
Refahiye
b)
Taranaği:
Kemah
c)
Mntsur.
North
of
Dersim
d)
Yegeğyats,
Gr.
Akilisênê:
Erzincan
Plain
e)
Terçan,
Gr.
Derxênê:
North
of
Tercan,
Çayırlı
f)
Mananaği:
South
of
Tercan,
Çat
g)
Sber,
Gr.
Syspiritês:
İspir
h)
Şağakomk:
Erzurum
‘Georgian
Strait’
i)
Garin,
Gr.
Karinitês:
Erzurum
Plain
4)
Fourth
Armenia:
In
this
region,
which
corresponds
to
the
ancient
Sophênê
(Gr.)
=
Dzopk
(Arm.)
Kingdom,
according
to
the
Code,
“lords
from
various
tribes
bearing
the
title
‘satrap’,
which
is
a
foreign
term,
rule”.
The
administrative
capital
is
Martyropolis
(Silvan),
and
the
military
capital
is
the
fortress-city
of
Kitharizon
on
the
bank
of
the
Murat
River
in
the
east
of
Bingöl.
Shortly
after
the
province
was
established,
it
was
divided
into
two;
the
north
(Elazığ,
Palu,
Kiğı)
continues
to
be
called
‘Original’
Fourth
Armenia,
while
the
Mesopotamia
province
will
be
established
in
the
south
(Diyarbakır).
a)
Tekik
and
Kovrek:
It
is
known
that
they
are
at
the
western
end
of
the
province
and
on
the
left
of
the
Euphrates,
but
their
locations
are
not
clear.
It
could
be
Çemişgezek
and
Baskil.
b)
Original
Dzopk,
Gr.
Sophênê:
It
is
Çarsancak
(Tunceli
Mazgirt
and
Pertek),
the
main
homeland
of
the
old
Sophene
kings.
c)
Hantsit,
Gr.
Anzithênê:
Elazığ
Plain
d)
Palahovid,
Gr.
Balabitênê:
Palu
and
Kovancılar.
Arşamunik,
sometimes
recorded
as
a
separate
district,
should
be
between
Palu
and
Elazığ,
perhaps
the
Örencik
ruins
west
of
Palu.
e)
Xortsean,
Gr.
Khorsanênê:
Kiğı
and
Adaklı
f)
Haşdeank,
Gr.
Asthianênê:
Bingöl
center.
The
Murat
River
passing
through
this
district
forms
the
border
between
the
two
empires.
The
Gtaric
(Gr.
Kitharizon)
Fortress
is
on
the
right
bank
of
the
river
at
the
zero
point
of
the
border.
g)
Greater
Dzopk,
Gr.
Sophanênê:
It
is
the
province
of
Diyarbakır
or
just
the
northern
part,
which
was
conquered
by
the
old
Sophênê
kings.
The
Eğil
region,
which
was
the
old
Royal
capital,
is
referred
to
as
Ankeğdun
in
Armenian
histories.
h)
Nprgerd,
Miyafarkin,
Martyropolis:
The
city
of
Silvan.
In
the
Geography
Treatise,
it
is
shown
as
included
in
the
Ağtsnik
province,
not
the
Fourth
Armenia.
Although
it
is
theoretically
the
administrative
capital
of
the
Byzantine
province,
it
seems
that
it
remained
on
the
Iranian
side
for
a
long
time.
OLD
ARMENIAN
PROVINCES
UNDER
IRANIAN
RULE
1)
Kukark,
Gr.
Gogarênê:
The
people
of
this
country,
which
was
once
subject
to
the
Armenian
Kingdom,
are
Georgian.
a)
Gğarck,
Geo.
Klarceti:
Ardanuç
b)
Ardahan
2)
Dayk,
Geo.
Tao:
While
it
was
once
the
homeland
of
the
Tao
people
(probably
of
Caucasian
origin),
it
was
conquered
and
colonized
by
the
Armenians
in
a
pre-Christian
era.
a)
Arseats
Por:
Yusufeli
b)
Vokağe
or
Okağe:
Tortum
c)
Azortats
Por:
Uzundere
d)
Poğxa:
Narman
e)
Bardizats
Por:
Oltu
and
south
of
Şenkaya
f)
Pertats
Por:
North
of
Şenkaya
g)
Goğ:
Göle
3)
Ayrarad
or
Ararat.
It
is
the
province
(satrap)
called
Armenia
during
the
Old
Persian
Empire.
It
is
the
royal
province
of
the
Armenia
kingdom
established
in
190
BC.
The
Aras
Plain,
the
cities
of
Gümrü
and
Yerevan,
and
the
western
part
of
Lake
Sevan
in
the
current
Republic
of
Armenia
are
also
included
in
this
province.
We
are
only
listing
the
districts
that
remain
in
Turkey:
a)
Pasean:
Pasinler,
Köprüköy
and
Horasan
b)
Havnunik:
South
of
Köprüköy,
Avnik
(Güzelhisar)
Castle.
c)
Apeğenk
and
Kapeğenk:
Kötek
district
to
the
west
of
Sarıkamış
and
Kağızman.
d)
Arşarunik:
East
of
Kağızman
and
Digor
e)
Şirag:
Both
sides
of
the
Arpaçay.
Arpaçay
district,
Akyaka,
the
eastern
part
of
the
central
district
of
Kars,
the
city
of
Ani.
f)
Vanant:
Kars
center
and
Selim
districts.
The
people
of
this
district
were
a
Caucasian
or
‘Bulgar’
origin,
probably
a
Turkic
group.
g)
Pakrevant:
Ağrı
center
and
Eleşkirt
h)
Dzağgodn:
Diyadin
i)
Gokovid:
Doğubayazıt
j)
Cagadk:
Iğdır
center
and
Tuzluca
k)
Maseatsodn:
Northern
plateaus
of
Mount
Ağrı,
Aralık
4)
Duruperan:
The
lifeblood
of
this
province
was
the
Daron
principality,
which
corresponds
to
the
Muş
Plain.
The
Mamigonyans,
who
ruled
the
Daron
Principality
from
the
beginning
of
the
4th
century,
also
brought
four
old
principalities
of
Urartian
origin
(Bulanık,
Malazgirt,
Ahlat,
Adilcevaz)
in
the
northeast
and
a
number
of
marginal
districts
in
the
north
under
their
rule.
a)
Martaği:
Tekman.
There
was
a
salt
mine.
b)
Varajnunik:
Hınıs.
c)
Dvaradzadap:
Karayazı
d)
Daron:
Muş
Plain.
Probably
including
Norşen
(Güroymak)
but
excluding
the
mountainous
area
south
of
Muş.
Perhaps
the
south
of
Solhan
and
Karlıova
were
also
included,
but
the
fate
of
these
places
after
the
wars
of
the
4th
century
is
unknown.
e)
Asbagunik:
Şadax
or
Cevizlidere
valley
in
the
south
of
Muş.
f)
Hark:
Bulanık
g)
Abahunik:
Malazgirt
h)
Pznunik:
Ahlat
i)
Xorxorunik:
Adilcevaz
5)
Vasburagan:
It
was
probably
separated
from
the
Armenia
province
during
the
time
of
the
Persian
Kings
and
allocated
to
princes
of
the
ruling
dynasty.
Its
name
means
“Property
of
the
Prince”
in
Persian.
During
the
Armenian
Kingdom
era,
powerful
principality
dynasties,
especially
in
Erciş,
Muradiye
and
Gevaş,
frequently
clashed
with
the
royalty.
Long
after
the
period
we
are
discussing
here,
a
powerful
kingdom
was
established
under
the
rule
of
the
Ardzruni
dynasty
in
the
9th-10th
centuries.
a)
Ağihovid:
Erciş
or
just
the
northwestern
part.
Perhaps
its
east
was
a
separate
principality
called
Kaçperunik.
b)
Arperani:
Muradiye.
c)
Arcişaghovid:
Erçek
d)
Dosb:
The
city
of
Van
and
its
north
(Tuşba)
e)
Yervantunik:
Edremit
and
the
northern
part
of
Gürpınar.
In
later
ages,
this
region
is
called
Hayots
Tsor.
f)
Rşdunik:
Gevaş
g)
Pun
Martasdan
or
“Original
Medistan”:
Hoşap,
the
central
part
of
Gürpınar
h)
Antsevatsik:
The
south
of
Gürpınar,
namely
Norduz
i)
Ağpag:
Başkale
6)
Ağtsnik
or
“Edge
of
Assyria”:
It
is
the
country
mentioned
as
Alzi
in
Assyrian
inscriptions.
While
it
was
once
a
separate
kingdom,
it
became
subject
to
the
Armenian
kings
in
the
1st
century
BC,
but
seceded
by
rebelling
in
the
4th
century
AD.
Its
ruling
dynasty
was
famous
for
being
descended
from
the
Assyrian
kings.
The
people
of
Artsn
(Erzen,
Garzan),
the
main
center
of
the
province,
were
Assyrian.
However,
Armenians
were
also
concentrated,
especially
in
the
Bitlis
region.
Sasun
was
largely
an
independent
entity.
a)
Artsn.
Batman,
Beşiri
and
Kurtalan.
The
great
city
of
Artsn
(Erzn,
Anuşirvan
Ruins
in
Kurtalan)
was
the
capital.
Much
later,
the
Ğarzan
Kurdish
lords
would
continue
this
name.
b)
Sasun:
It
was
a
mountain
principality
that
prided
itself
on
being
the
“brother’s
child”
of
the
Ağtsnik
kings.
It
is
famous
for
not
bowing
to
Iranian,
Byzantine,
Abbasid,
Ayyubid,
Safavid
or
Ottoman
rule
in
later
periods.
c)
Xuyt:
Kavakbaşı
district
of
Mutki.
It
is
said
that
a
primitive
tribe
devoid
of
civilization
lived
there.
d)
Salnotsor:
The
city
and
valley
of
Bitlis.
It
was
an
important
passage
route.
Its
people
have
long
been
Armenian.
e)
Aznıvatsor:
The
Küçüksu
Valley,
now
divided
between
Bitlis
center
and
Tatvan.
f)
Dadig:
Bölükyazı
district
of
Bitlis
center.
g)
Xerxetk:
Siirt.
Its
people
were
Assyrian
or
“Xaldî”.
The
meaning
and
scope
of
the
second
term
are
unknown.
h)
Kzex:
Its
location
is
uncertain.
Perhaps
the
central
district
of
Mutki.
Hizan
in
some
sources.
7)
Mogk,
Mogs.
They
were
probably
a
separate
tribe
in
ancient
times
but
became
Armenianized.
It
consisted
of
the
original
Mogs
(Bahçesaray),
consisting
of
six
micro-principalities,
and
the
Çermatsor
Valley
(Çatak).
8)
Gorcayk:
About
ten
principalities
belonging
to
the
tribe
called
Gordu/Kordu.
Since
it
was
subject
to
the
Armenian
Kings
for
short
periods
between
the
1st
century
BC
and
the
4th
century
AD,
it
is
shown
as
included
in
the
Armenian
country
in
the
Geography
Treatise.
However,
it
does
not
play
a
significant
role
in
Armenian
history,
and
Armenian
sources
are
extremely
vague
about
the
number
and
location
of
the
principalities
that
make
up
the
province.
The
“original”
Gordu
country
(Gr.
Gordyênê)
is
the
central
district
of
Şırnak.