The change of ethno-religious structure in a province that constantly changed hands and experienced 3 different administrations in a very short time from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century.One of the most striking cities that saw different governments in a short time and, in turn, a major demographic change must undoubtedly be Kars. This province, which was approximately 1 in 5 non-Muslim in 1876, gave intense Muslim immigration to Central Anatolia when it came under the control of the Russians after the War of 1993, and almost 2 thirds of its population received intense Christian immigration from Eastern Europe and the Eastern Black Sea. Most of them became non-Muslims. Again, it fell into the hands of the Turks again, and after a short time, there were almost no non-Muslims left, except for a few settlements and a small population.